Pain is often characterized as a fundamentally subjective phenomenon; however, all pain assessment reduces the experience to observables, with strengths and limitations.Most evidence about pain derives from observations of pain-related behavior.There has been considerable progress in articulating the properties of behavioral indices of pain; especi
Background: The association between facial types and dental arches forms has considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.The aim was to establish the maxillary and mandibular dental arches width and length in skeletal and dental class II division 1 and class III malocclusion groups, find out the most frequent dental ar
The layer thickness measurement process is an indispensable companion of vacuum Anti-Aging sputtering and evaporation.Thus, quartz crystal microbalance is a well-known and reliable method for monitoring film thickness.However, most commercial devices use very simple signal processing methods, offering only a readout of the frequency change value an
Cycline-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), an enzyme of the cycline dependent or Ser/Thr protein kinase family, plays a role in cell cycle progression (G1 phase) by phosphorylating a tumor suppressor protein called pRB.Alteration of this enzyme due to missense mutation/ nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are responsible for various type
Declines in honeybee (Apis mellifera ) colonies have elicited great concern worldwide.Recently, many Japanese beekeepers have implied that midsummer use of a new insecticide, neonicotinoid, in rice fields, is causing widespread mortality of neighboring honeybees and frequently resulting in colony collapse.Since few field experiments have directly t